The Onion Madonna
Maria Goeppert-Mayer, a German-born American theoretical physicist, is best known for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. As known in modern physics, an atom is made up of a nucleus consisting of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons distributed within shells with a fixed number of electrons. In 1949, Maria developed a model in which nucleons were distributed in shells with different energy levels. She won the Nobel Prize in physics for her groundbreaking work in 1963.